Consider the following Committees relating to poverty and arrange their formation in correct chronological order.
1. Lakdawala Committee
2. Rangarajan Committee
3. Tendulkar Committee
4. Dandekar and Rath Committee
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:

गरीबी से संबंधित निम्नलिखित समितियों पर विचार कीजिए तथा इनके गठन को सही कालक्रमानुसार क्रम में व्यवस्थित कीजिए ।
1. लकड़ावाला समिति
2. रंगराजन समिति
3. तेंदुलकर समिति
4. दांडेकऱ और रथ समिति
नीचे दिए गए कूट से सही उत्तर चुनिए :
कूट :

The correct chronological order of the committees formed for the estimation of poverty in India is as follows:

• • Dandekar and Rath Committee (4):
    This committee was formed in 1971. It was significant for being the first to establish a poverty line based on a specific calorie intake, setting a standard of 2250 calories per day for both rural and urban areas.

• • Lakdawala Committee (1):
    Chaired by Prof. D.T. Lakdawala, this committee was constituted by the Planning Commission in 1989 and submitted its report in 1993. It recommended the use of state-specific poverty lines instead of a single national line.

• • Tendulkar Committee (3):
    This expert group, headed by Suresh Tendulkar, was formed in 2005 and submitted its report in November 2009. It moved away from a purely calorie-based approach, incorporating expenditures on education and health into the poverty estimation.

• Rangarajan Committee (2):
  Formed in 2012 to review the Tendulkar Committee’s methodology, this group was chaired by C. Rangarajan and submitted its report in June 2014 . It revised the poverty thresholds by setting new standards for calories, proteins, and fats.

Chronological Arrangement:

1. Dandekar and Rath Committee (1971)
2. Lakdawala Committee (1989)
3. Tendulkar Committee (2005)
4. Rangarajan Committee (2012)

Therefore, the correct sequence is 4, 1, 3, 2.